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multiple dates are used to signal the end of the Middle Ages in the West. All relevant facts and correspond to fundamental change the sign of History ... Namely:

1. The invention of printing (mid XV century)


2. The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453


3. Discovery of America in 1492.

The beginning of the modern age in Spain is marked by the reign of the Catholic Monarchs and the first monarch of the House of Habsburg: Carlos I and Felipe II.

Early Modern Age, the Iberian Peninsula was divided into five kingdoms: Portugal, Castile, Navarra, Aragon and Granada. In 1469, the marriage of Isabel, heiress of the Crown of Castile, and Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Aragon, succeeded in having the two most powerful kingdoms of the Peninsula to unite under a single command, even though each kingdom retained its own laws and institutions.

Once married, Elizabeth and Fernando conquered the kingdom of Granada (1492). Later would annex the kingdom of Navarra and the Canary Islands.

undertake a series of reforms that reorganized the territory to better control: a series of figures and government bodies to strengthen the royal authority and administration of justice and finance and advice, viceroys and magistrates, courts, etc.

But the most notorious and final of his reign was undoubtedly the arrival in America.

At the end of the Middle Ages, European nations were seeking a safe route to take them to Asia to get spices and other products. Closing land routes to the East after the fall of Constantinople to the Turks, made it very dangerous journey by land, so that the kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula seek sea routes to travel to India. Portugal is raised to reach by sailing around Africa. Columbus and the Catholic Monarchs will open the western route across the Atlantic.

The conception of what the world was, for lack even a correct perception of the size of our planet, is obviously inaccurate and distorted, as evidenced by these photos of maps that should be known by Columbus: World Map Psalter (1225 d C) and the World Map of Cosmas Indocopleusyes of Alexandria (547 d C).

Columbus proposed to the king of Portugal to sail west to reach Asia going around the world, but his proposal was rejected. Then I suggested to the Catholic Kings, once completed the conquest of Granada, agreed to pay the expenses of the expedition.

On August 3, 1492, Columbus sailed from Palos, Huelva, commanded three ships: the Santa Maria, the Pinta and the Nina. After a stopover in the Canary Islands on 12 October that year, the fleet reached to a small island in the Bahamas today, which Columbus named San Salvador. The Portuguese arrive in India later, on May 20, 1498, in an expedition that was led by Basque Gama.